Autism is a failure to develop particular cognitive processes related to social interaction. Individuals with autism have difficulties in social functioning, communication, and coping with changes.

In children, it is characterized by-

• Difficulty with social interaction
• Difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communication
• A lack of imaginative play

According to Simon Baron-Cohen, a British psychologist, people with autism lack or have an underdeveloped cognitive process called ‘ theory of mind’. A theory of mind is a cognitive ability enabling us to realize that others have different feelings, beliefs, knowledge, and desires from our own.

There are several tests available to test children and adult’s theory of mind. 

Previously, Asperger’s Syndrome was known as High Functioning Autism (HFA) and was treated separately from Autism Spectrum (AS), However, during the revision of key publication in the field of social cognition, DSM, it was suggested that there was not enough evidence to show a stark distinction between HFA and AS. Hence, it was decided to combine both of these terms into a category called ‘ Autism Spectrum Disorder’. 

Though autism is not a medical condition that requires treatment, therapies can help manage behaviours related to an autism diagnosis. The therapists could suggest speech therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, or physical treatment such as massage therapy.

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